The requirement that nonprofits meet the expectations for measurable results has increased the need for _____.
D)
Demands for accountability and the need for systems and procedures to comply with greater scrutiny and regulation also have contributed to the need for _____.
C)
Most nonprofits obtain revenue from _____.
B)
Managers of nonprofit organizations must measure their success by _____.
D)
Which decade marked a turning point in public policy, with government outsourcing more of the delivery and management of social and human services to nonprofits, which resulted in the increased need for professional management in nonprofit organizations and an increased number of students interested in working for nonprofit organizations?
B)
Those who view nonprofit organizations primarily as social institutions portray nonprofit managers as_____ .
C)
The complexity of the nonprofit manager’s job and the multiple pressures inherent in the job frequently result in _____ .
C)
One overarching force that has driven the nonprofit management revolution of recent decades has been _____ .
D)
Throughout most of the history of management as a recognized discipline, most theorists have _____ .
B)
Simultaneous with with the increase in nonprofit management literature in the 1990s and 2000s, what also grew rapidly?
C)
The perception that nonprofits are less well-managed than businesses is _____
B)
There has been a shift in thinking about nonprofits that emphasizes _____
C)
The old “business as usual” approach for nonprofits has changed as a result of _____
B)
According to Herman, one of the differences of managing a nonprofit versus a for-profit corporation is_____.
B)
According to Higgins, nonprofit organizations have _____.
B)
Research literature sources on nonprofit management include _____.
A)
Almost _____ of the revenue of charitable nonprofits comes from government grants and payments for services under programs such as Medicare and Medicaid
C)
A certain mistrust of ________ has been a pervasive and continuing aspect of American culture and has provided philosophical support for private, voluntary initiatives throughout the nation’s history,
C)
Who authored the 1889 essay, titled “The Gospel of Wealth,” remains a classic statement of the philosophy underpinning the American tradition of philanthropy?
B)
_______ is defined as giving intended to meet current individual human needs or to alleviate current human suffering.
A)
______ is the phrase used to describe nonprofits that have a social objective but blend traditional nonprofit methods and commercial principles in their generation of revenue.
D)
There is an increasing number of organizations that operate under both nonprofit and for-profit legal forms. These organizations are often referred to as _______ .
A)
According to the text, the number of nonprofits operating in the United States today is around _______ .
D)
In 2009, the nonprofit sector employed what percentage of the total U.S. workforce?
A)
What is intended to encourage charitable giving and sustain the services provided by charitable organizations?
B)
Who wrote the article “Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital” and discussed a decline in civic engagement among Americans?
A)
A nonprofit that qualifies under Section 501 (c) (3) cannot support candidates for public office and must limit its expenditures on _____.
C)
This U.S. principle prevents government funds from going directly to religious congregations or to organizations that would use them for religious activities.
A)
Which sub-sector of charitable nonprofits is the least professionalized?
A)
Organizations that are exempt under Section 501 (c) (4), whose purpose is to work for social change are referred to by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) as _____
C)
The National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE) divides nonprofit organizations into categories based on the organizations’ _____
B)
If measured by the total number of organizations, the largest subsector of charitable nonprofits is the _____ .
B)
If measured by total revenue, the number of employees, and its share of total wages and salaries, which subsector of charitable nonprofits is the largest nonprofit sector?
C)
These are organizations that exist for the sole purpose of directing money to other nonprofits
B)
Organizations that are classified as tax-exempt are not required to pay _____
C)
Private foundations most often are funded by _____ .
C)
Unlike public charities, private foundations are not permitted to engage in _____ .
A)
international exchange programs
B)
providing direct services
C)
fund-raising
D)
lobbying
D)
Salamon’s Nonprofit Anatomy classifies nonprofit organizations by _____ .
A)
Exempt activities are those that _____ .
C)
Museums, orchestras, and colleges and universities are classified as 501 (c) (3) by the IRS.
True
The person credited with helping to establish the distinction between the concepts of charity and philanthropy was Warren Buffet.
False
Sociologists describe nonprofits as _______.
D)
The type of market failure in which a breakdown in the ideal or typical relationship between a buyer and seller occurs is called _______.
D)
According to Lohmann, after private goods and public goods, what is the third category of goods?
D)
Nonprofits are ______.
A)
The is a guide to every action taken by the organization and is the principal standard against which its performance should be measured.
A)
Nonprofits are driven by _______ .
B)
enables the system to adapt to changing circumstances.
A)
This type of system is entirely self-sufficient and impervious to influences from its environment.
C)
This theory explains the behavior of organizations in terms of their dependence on external constituencies.
B)
One significant risk of resource dependency is actions taken by the nonprofit to alter its goals and activities to satisfy the contributor of funds. This is also called _______.
D)
One way to reduce dependency and thus maintain more autonomy is to _______.
B)
The concept that maintains that organizations in the same field become more like each other as a result of facing similar influences from their environments is _______.
C)
_______ refers to the tendency of organizations to mimic each other, specifically in models to be adopted.
B)
Normative isomorphism arises when organizations are influenced by the same standards of _______
A)
When individuals do not have complete information or lack the ability to understand or judge the quality of the good they seek to purchase, there is _______
A)
An approach taken by some sociologists to explain the birth and death of organizations, which analyzes organizations in terms of population density, is _______ .
C)
Great organizations that produce excellent results have _______ .
D)
According to Edgar Schein, logos, ceremonies, and symbols belong to this defined category of culture.
C)
Nonprofits are not allowed to undertake experimentation with regard to research and development of new programs.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Excess revenues (profits) gained by a nonprofit must be reinvested in the organization.
A) True
Elected boards are MOST common in ______
C) member-serving and advocacy organizations
In a self-perpetuating board, new members are selected by ______.
C) the existing members of the board
An ex officio seat on a board is held by ______.
A) the highest ranking officer in the organization
B) an unappointed individual who holds the seat by virtue of their position
C) a randomly selected individual
D) an individual appointed by the most senior member of the board
B) an unappointed individual who holds the seat by virtue of their position
Financial penalties that punish individuals who permit improper transgressions are called ______.
B) intermediate sanctions
Establishing the nonprofit’s mission is the responsibility of the organization’s ______.
A) governing Board
When a board is operating in the fiduciary mode, it is concerned with the ______.
A) evaluating the chief executive officer’s performance
B) achievement of the organization’s long-term goals
C) stewardship of the organization’s assets
D) implementation of new programs
C) stewardship of the organization’s assets
Which organizational model places the board at the top of the hierarchy and the chief executive officer as an agent?
A) purposive-rational
According to BoardSource , exceptional Boards ensure congruence between its ______.
A) volunteers and members of the board
B) decisions and core values
C) direction and its financial goals
D) governance duties and organizational priorities
B) decisions and core values
According to Dr. Worth, today’s Boards are expected to raise money and ______.
C) be more aggressive in monitoring the organization’s performance
Which type of board is commonly found in public organization?
B) appointed
What board duty is defined as members putting the interests of the organization above their personal interests?
A) obedience
B) selflessness
C) care
D) loyalty
D) loyalty
What legal concept states officers cannot unreasonably benefit from the organization’s funds?
D) private inurement
An excess benefit transaction occurs when ______.
A) employee or executive compensation exceeds the value of services provided
B) a service contract exceeds financial limits
C) an organization exceeds its fundraising goals
an organization goes above and beyond to meet its mission
A) employee or executive compensation exceeds the value of services provided
An excess benefit transaction occurs when ______.
A) employee or executive compensation exceeds the value of services provided
B) a service contract exceeds financial limits
C) an organization exceeds its fundraising goals
D) an organization goes above and beyond to meet its mission
A) employee or executive compensation exceeds the value of services provided
Which board responsibility requires the MOST effort?
C) raising philanthropic funds
In Thornton’s 2012 survey of nonprofit boards, what activity was identified as the most important responsibility of boards?
D) strategic planning
The Internal Revenue Service in 2009 revised which form to be a financial and governance report.
A) Form 990, Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax
In Carver’s policy governance mode l, Carver argues boards should lead focusing their attention on establishing ______.
A) management positions
B) advisory groups
C) policies
D) performance evaluations
C) policies
Chait, Ryan, and Taylor suggested nonprofit boards focus their attention on ______.
D) critical issues facing the organization
Who did Herman and Heimovics find as being responsible for the organization’s success or failure?
C) the Chief Executive Office
What organization assembled a panel of experts to identify best practices for effective governance in organizations?
A) BoardSource
B) Internal Revenue Service
C) Smithsonian Institute
D) Independent Sector
A) BoardSource
The chair of a nonprofit board of directors asked the chief executive officer to provide a report regarding fund-raising expenses. The chair is practicing which best practice?
A) ethos of transparency
A nonprofit board asked an outside consulting organization to assess the nonprofit’s program performance. Which best practice is the board applying?
A) results-oriented
A nonprofit board hired a consultant to help the directors identify new ways to improve organizational performance. According to Chait, the board is operating in what type of mode?
C) generative
A nonprofit organization’s finance committee is listening to the advice of a financial expert on how to manage the organization’s investments. The board is practicing which duty ?
A) diligence
B) obedience
C) loyalty
D) care
D) care
A board of directors is debating if a proposed new program falls within the organization’s mission. The board is applying which type of duty?
B) obedience
A nonprofit board is establishing ground rules regarding what type of fund-raising efforts would not be allowed. The board is setting a policy that Carver would refer to as a/an ______.
C) means to the end
______ means a person is perceived by himself and the board as the organization’s formal authority.
C) Psychological centrality
What is the responsibility of overseeing day-to-day operations called?
D) management
According to Dr. Worth (textbook author), a lack of leadership by the chief executive officer will eventually lead to ______.
B) drift, decline, and failure
Which theory explains leadership in terms of the innate characteristics of individuals?
A) trait
What leadership style focuses on relationships?
B) servant
The significant characteristic of transformational leadership is that it _____.
A) gives a leader absolute power
B) reduces the responsibility of the leader
C) balances power between the leader and followers
D) offers an approach to leading both followers and organizations
D) offers an approach to leading both followers and organizations
The idea that a leader must be friendly but not overly familiar with subordinates is called _____.
B) social distance
Many nonprofit chief executive officers spend the majority of their time on _____.
A) marketing
B) fund-raising
C) human resource management
D) research and development
B) fund-raising
According to Herman and Heimovics, effective chief executive officers stay focused on _____.
B) key goals and outcomes
A _____ is a way of understanding something.
C) frame
According to Dym and Hutson, “organizational alignment” is ______ .
A) two-way process
To minimize risk, nonprofit boards must select a new chief executive officer based on the organization’s ______ .
A) mission
According to Kotter’s top-down approach, efforts at transformational change often fail because leaders allow too much ______ .
D) complacency
According to Collins, the power to simply make decisions is referred to as ______ leadership.
D) executive
A leader who behaves in ways that cause others to see themselves as leaders is practicing ______ leadership .
A) transformational
A common method researchers use to identify successful leaders is based on _______ .
C) perceptions of effectiveness
Which management activity is growing due to reduced government support for nonprofit organizations?
B) fund-raising
Leaders who use a political frame are ______.
D) sensitive to external forces that might affect the organization
According to Dym and Hutson’s “alignment map,” what three components must align for a perfect leadership fit?
A) leaders, organizations, and the community
Internal preparation for executive transition is a shared responsibility of the nonprofit Board and the ______.
A) Chief Executive Officer
According to Dr. Worth, what style of leadership is best suited for leading nonprofit organizations?
A) legislative
B) autocratic
C) transformational
D) transactional
C) transformational
A nonprofit’s Chief Executive Officer is attending a working lunch with community leaders who share the nonprofit organization’s values. The CEO is practicing which type of leadership?
D) legislative
A nonprofit Board of Directors is interviewing individuals for a Chief Executive Officer position. The Directors want to ensure the person they hire has a personality that matches the organization’s mission. The Board members want to ensure ______.
A) alignment
A nonprofit chief executive officer (CEO) displays little commitment to the organization’s mission. According to Blake and Mouton, the CEO has what type of management style?
D) impoverished
Organizational leaders who change their leadership styles based on the particular circumstances of a situation are practicing ______ leadership.
C) contingency theory
Crutchfield and Grant determined effective nonprofit Chief Executive Officers ______.
C) share leadership with others
The founder of Habitat for Humanity found it difficult to turn management of the nonprofit over to a new chief executive officer. The founder was demonstrating ______ syndrome.
A) founder
According to Kotter, leaders planning to implement organizational change should first ______.
A) establish a sense of urgency
A board of directors wants to hold an organizational retreat so they can interact with the chief executive officer, paid staff, and volunteers of their organization. The board is practicing which leadership theory?
D) leader-member exchange
Which governmental entity grants nonprofits their articles of incorporation (charters)?
D)
For nonprofit organizations, accountability means _______.
D)
Many nonprofit managers have voluntarily adopted the provisions of _______ as a way to assure their donors they are operating with high integrity, transparency, and sound governance.
D)
Whose Standards for Excellence in Nonprofit Management has become a popular model for similar nonprofit associations across the US?
D)
This organization was formed in 2001 to provide standards for the largest and best known nonprofits, especially those most widely mentioned in the media.
D)
A method used by most nonprofit managers to determine the effectiveness of certain actions in achieving the organization’s goals and objectives is called ________.
A)
A very high ________ may suggest an organization’s management is inefficient, or even participating in unethical or fraudulent behaviors.
A)
Leading thought in the field of performance measuring of nonprofits appear to be moving away from an emphasis on the organizations _______.
B)
In its primary definition, ______ involves comparisons among organizations, either at the macro or at the micro level.
A)
If an organization wanted to help highlight its strengths and weaknesses for further analysis, which technique would be most useful?
D)
Which assessment tool is meant to determine an organization’s success in accomplishing its mission or program effectiveness?
B)
A theoretical concept explaining the links all the way through a service delivery process is called a(n) _________.
A)
This model was developed as a way for a business (or nonprofit) to achieve a more equalized perspective on performance by combining financial data with other important variables.
C)
This concept adds social return to financial return in order to generate a single dollar amount that could be used as an indicator of the organization’s performance and value.
A)
Financial ratios
B)
blended value
C)
statistical benchmarking
D)
Social return on investment
D)
This model holds that all organizations create value that consists of economic, social, and environmental value components, and that investors simultaneously generate all three forms of value through providing capital to organizations.
C)
A variation of the Balanced Scorecard that was designed specifically for nonprofits and that asks “Does it work?” and “Is the organization well run?” is called a(n) _________.
A)
dashboard
B)
EXCEL
C)
Effectiveness measure
D)
Balance sheet
A)
One disadvantage of the Social Return on Investment model is that _________.
A)
it provides too much information to easily filter.
B)
the analysis process requires a lot of resources (i.e., resource intensive)
C)
it cannot be used with intangible information
D)
it does not measure the financial benefit of certain programs.
B)
Nonprofit managers must be committed to performance measurements, but _______.
C)
In 2004, the Urban Institute and the Center for What Works undertook a project to identify a _______ that nonprofits could use to inform practice and that would be practical to implement.
D)
The _____ has a mechanism that can ‘certify’ a nonprofit based on how they conduct their business.
B) Better Business Bureau
The requirement that nonprofits achieve measurable results increased the need for ______.
management
Demands that organizational procedures comply with government regulations contributed to the need for ______.
trained managers
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Nonprofits obtain revenue from ______.
multiple sources
Managers of nonprofit organizations measure their success by ______.
achieving the mission within financial limits
Throughout history, management theorists argued that ______.
common management principles apply equally to all organizations
The perception that nonprofits are less well managed than businesses is ______.
not based on research
The double bottom line concept means nonprofit managers must ______.
achieve the mission within financial means
Individuals who believe that nonprofit organizations should apply business methods of management perceive nonprofit organizations as ______.
social enterprises
Nonprofit organizations are more poorly managed than businesses.
false
Nonprofits receive all of their revenue from governments.
false
What term defines the practice of “giving for the alleviation of human suffering?
charity
a nonprofit organization that uses commercial methods to generate revenue is referred to as a
social enterprise
what benefit created by the U.S. Congress is intended to encourage charitable giving?
income tax deductions for gifts
A nonprofit that qualifies under section 501(c)(3) must limit its expenditures on
lobbying
what is the Internal Revenue Service classification for nonprofits organizations that work for social change
advocacy
organizatioons that exist for the sole purpose of directing money to other nonprofits are called
funding intermediaries
what term identifies organization that do not have to pay federal income taxes?
tax-exempt
______ usually fund(s) private foundations
a single donor
tax exempt activities
directly support a social mission
the Internal Revenue Service classifies a social welfare organization as a
501(c)(4)
individuals who benefit without paying are called
free riders
nonprofit organizations are drriven by
the achievement of their missions
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One way to reduce dependence and thus maintain more autonomy is to
diversify the sources of revenue
a nonprofit organization landscaped the grounds of a building it occupies. This beautification improved the property values of the residences located across the street. This scenario is an example of a(n) _________ externality
positive
a nonprofit volunteer is buying groceries for a low-income family at a retail store. The volunteer is buying _____ goods.
private
T/F: nonprofit organizations differ from government organizations in that they have more flexibility to respond to the needs of diverse groups.
True
Analyze if religious worship is a private, public, or common good. Define private good, public good, common good. Then analyze religious worship.
Private goods benefit only the individual who uses it
In a self-perpetuating board, new members are selected by
the existing members of the board
financial penalties that punish individuals who permit improper transgressions are called
intermediate sanctions
establishing the nonprofit’s mission is the responsibility of the organization’s
board
what legal concept states officers cannot unreasonably benefit from the orgainzation’s funds?
private inurement
An excess benefit transaction occurs when
employee compensation exceeds the value of services provided
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A nonprofit organization’s finance committee is listening to the advice of a financial expert on how to manage the organization’s investments. The board is practicing which duty?
Care
T/F governing boards have the ultimate responsibility for ensuring an organization serves its mission
True
T/F Hybrid boards have the ultimate responsibility for ensuring an organization serves its mission
True
T/F Elected boards help ensure organizations are responsive to member needs
True
T/F One responsibility of a nonprofit board member is to supervise volunteers
False
T/F The Sarbanes-Oxley Act has a provision protecting whistle-blowers
True
What is the responisbility of overseeing day-to-day operations called?
management
According to Worth, a lack of leadership by the chief executive officer will eventually lead to
drift, decline, and failure
what leadership style focuses on relationships?
transformational
to minimize risk, nonprofit boards must select a new chief executive officer based on the organization’s
mission
A leader who behaves in ways that cause others to see themselves as leaders is practicing _____ leadership
transformational
Leaders who use a political froame are
sensitive to external forces that might affect the organization
Internal preparation for executive transition is a shared responsibility of the nonprofit board and the
chief executive officer (CEO)
The founder of Habitat for Humanity found it difficult to turn management of the nonprofit over to a new chief executive officer. The founder was demonstrating _____ syndrome
founder
T/F one responsibility of a nonprofit chief executive officer is to select new members of the board of directors
False
T/F Transformational leadership primarily uses rewards or punishment to influence and change the behaviors of others
False
Which government entity grans nonprofit characters?
state
According to your textbook author, taking responsibility for one’s actions is being
accountable
Which term below involves comparisons between or among organizations?
benchmarking
Private organizations that evaluate the performance of nonprofit organizations are called charity
watchdogs
the leader of a nonprofit organization is comparing the costs of conducting a fund-raising event to the amount of funds raised. The leader is conducting a
cost-benefit analysis
T/F the 3 principle mechanisms by which nonprofits are held accountable are the rule of law, self-regulation, and transparency
True
T/F benchmarking is a way nonprofits compare themselves to similar organizations
True
T/F Nonprofit organization do not have to report unrelated business income to the Internal Revenue Service
false
The gradual evolution away from the organization’s purpose into ancillary activities is called
mission creep
the vision statement is
a description of an ideal future
one benefit of strategic planning is it helps to build a common understanding of the organizational mission. this benefit is sacrificed if
it remains a document available only to a select few in management
One benefit of strategic planning is it
provides a basis for rational decision-making
The board of directors of a nonprofit organization is holding a public listening session to associate with others sharing similar interests. The board is attempting to build capacity by
developing collaborations
T/F Strategic planning focuses on the day-to-day operations of the nonprofit
false
T/F A SWOT exercise is used to identify an organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opposition, and trends
False
T/F the mission statement explains the reason an organization exists
true
T/F A characteristic of a good objective is that it is specific
True
T/F Once a strategic plan is written, it should be used to stimulate broader discussion throughout the organization
True
National nonprofits with local chapters follow one of two principal organization forms—a single corporation or a(an):
federation
a nonprofit organization, a public organization, and a private sector organization joined forces to resolve an unmet community need. According to your textbook author, this relationship may is to as a(n)
cross-sector collaboration
a(n) _______ forms when two or more organizations combine legal control
merger
a nonprofit organization is reviewing its strategic plan to determine if it is ready to participate in a collaboration. The organization is performing atwhich stage of the relationship development process?
self-examination
T/F high-performing nonprofit organizations can have an isolated impact
true
T/F Ad hoc relationships are long term
False
T/F collaboration occurs when two or more organizations work together to achieve common objectives
True
T/F a significant obstacle to successful collaboration is organizational cultures
true
T/G government contracts with nonprofit organizations are a type of merger
false
_________ state(s) human needs progress to higher levels as the lower-level needs are met
maslow’s theory
a nonprofit organization is advertising for volunteers to distribute water bottles to runners participating in an annual marathon. What type of volunteer does the organization need?
spot
According to Worth, valunteer program managers should develop volunteer
job descriptions
an attorney is providing an outside legal opinion to a nonprofit organization’s board of directors. What type of volunteer is the attorney
expert
volunteers are best assigned to work that
does not need to be done daily
T/F federal employment laws do not apply to nonprofit staff
false
T/F nonprofit organizations may be held liable for discriminatory practices applied by outsourced suppliers
True
T/F the Myers-Briggs indicator provides individuals with insights about their own preferences
true
T/F one way to effectively manage volunteers is to be aware of what motivates them
true
T/F A person who is mandated to volunteer is a marginal volunteer
true
A ______ mindset occurs when an organization focuses on providing products that are responsive to customers’ needs
target-audience
the author defines ____ as an exchange of information
communication
Coca-Cola and the World Wildlife Fund created a fundraising partnership to support efforts to save polar bears. This partnership is an example of _______ marketing
cause
what are measures of age, gender, race, income, and geography called
price discrimination
a brand ______ describes customers’ expectations
promise
a nonprofit organization is taking steps to ensure its marketing and communication messages align. What term describes this action?
integrated marketing communication
a chief executive officer (CEO) is participating in an interview about a nonprofit organization. A local radio station is conducting the interview. The CEO is communicating with the _______ public
external
one nonprofit organization offers better services than another nonprofit and charges clients the same amount. This situation is an example of ________ pricing
competitive
when you walk into an american red cross office, you expect to receive some type of emergency assistance. you developed your expectations based on the __________ of the american red cross
brand image
according to Worth, _______ have been at the forefront of every significant social change in the United States
noprofit organizations
members of a nonprofit organization are encouraging people in their community to vote in support of a local referendum. The term that describes their activity is
direct lobbying
daniel is writing a letter to the editor of the local newspaper. He is encouraging citizens to join him in expressing support of city funds going to a local nonprofit organization. Daniel is
advocating
a _______ ommittee is permitted to engage in partisan political activity
politi al action
political action committees are classified under which section of the Internal Revenue Service Code?
section 527
the board of directors of a nonprofit organization is studying the platforms of state legislators to identify politicians who may favor the nonprofit
understanding the legieslative process
which type of nonprofit organization is permitted to lobby without limitation
social welfare
nonprofits often play a critical role in creating
social change
T/F a plitical action committee may claim tax-deductible gifts
false
T/F One reason nonprofit organizations may be ambivalent about lobbying is that they fear alienating donors
true
which type of funds need to be invested in perpetuity
pure endowment
account on a(n) _______ basis counts money earned as well as obligations for expenditures not yet incurred
accrual
what type of financial statement provides a snapshot of an organization’s finances taken at a point in time?
financial position
an organization that is _______ possesses sufficient cash to meet its obligations as they come due
liquid
what condept of investing an endowment involves a long-term growth portfolio?
total return
a fundamental principle of _____ requires that no one person handles an entire financial transaction
internal control
according to worth, nonprofit organizations measure their success through the
financial and program results
the Brown Foundation gave a local nonprofit organization a $1 million endowment. This action is an example of what type of revenue source
philanthropic gift
T/F a board of directors may withdraw funds from a quasi-endowment
true
T/F Depreciation refers to the differences between assets and liabilties
false
