Community Nutrition – Ch 1

Exam 1 Review
Chapter 1:

1. Define community. What are some examples?
   o Grouping of people residing in a specific locality who interact and connect
   through a definite social structure to fulfill a wide range of daily needs
2. What are the four components of community?
   o People
   o A location in space
   o Social interaction
   o Shared values
3. What is community nutrition?
   o Strives to improve health, nutrition, and well-being of individuals and
   groups within communities
4. What are the three arenas that are the focus of community nutrition?
   o People
   o Policy
   o Programs
5. What is public health?
   o Focuses on protecting and promoting people’s health through the actions
   of society
6. How does the WHO define health?
   o Absence of disease and pain
7. What are factors/determinants of health (reference Table 1-2)
   Determinants of Health
   Biology and Genetics Sex, race, age, other hereditary
   factors
   Lifestyle Physical activity; diet; hobbies;
   leisure-time activities; use of drugs:
   cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco,
   alcohol, prescription medications,
   illicit drugs such as cocaine,
   marijuana, etc.; religion; safety
   practices such as hand washing,
   wearing seat belts, and wearing wrist
   guards and knee pads, medical selfcare, and stress management.
   Living, Working, and Social
   Conditions
   Housing, education, occupation,
   income, employment status, social
   networks such as family, friends,
   coworkers, socioeconomic
   status/class, economic inequality,
   racial and ethnic health disparities,
   access to nutritious foods, access to
   health services, and public safety.
   Community Conditions Climate and geography; water
   supply; type and condition of
   housing; community design; number
   and type of hospitals and clinics;
   health and medical services; social
   services; leading industries;
   political/government structure;
   community health groups and
   organizations; number, type, and
   location of grocery stores, etc.;
   recreational settings; transportation
   systems; built environment
   (buildings, sidewalks, bike lanes, and
   roads).
   Background Conditions National food and nutrition policy;
   state and local food and nutrition
   policy; national minimum wage;
   cultural beliefs; cultural values;
   cultural attitudes; advertising; media
   messages; and food distribution
   system.
8. What are the three types of prevention efforts? What are examples of each
   type?
   o Primary- preventing disease by controlling risk factors
   o Secondary- detecting disease early through screening and other forms of
   risk appraisal
   o Tertiary- treat and rehabilitate people with illness or injury
9. What are the overarching goals of Healthy People 2020?
   o Attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability,
   injury, and premature death.
   o Achieve healthy equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all
   groups
   o Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
   o Promote quality life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across
   all life stages
10. What are some tasks involved in community nutrition practice?
    o Involve issues of policy, program management, and cost
    o Entail making decisions about how to use scarce resources
    o Concerned with determining whether nutrition programs and services are
    reaching the right audience with the right message and having the desired
    effect
    o Present challenges to a trained professional—the community nutritionist
11. What are the educational requirements for individuals who may work in
    community nutrition settings?
    o Dietitians: always registered or licensed
    o Public health nutritionists: at least a bachelor’s degree
12. What are some of the roles/responsibilities one might have as a community
    dietitian nutritionist?
    o Roles: educator, counselor, advocate, coordinator, generator of ideas,
    facilitator, and supervisor.
    o Responsibilities: planning, evaluating, managing, and marketing nutrition
    services, programs, and interventions.
13. What are some of the social and economic trends for community nutrition?
    How might these trends impact community nutrition?
    o An aging population
    o Generational diversity
    o Increasing demands for nutrition and health care services
    o Increasing ethnic diversity
    o Increasing emphasis on addressing health disparities